Edushine IAS

  The disintegration of the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War era and the collapse of one of the world's largest and most influential communist states. The process of disintegration was a complex and multifaceted event that unfolded over several years and involved various factors. Here's an overview of the key aspects and events leading to the USSR's disintegration: Economic Challenges: The Soviet economy faced numerous problems, including inefficiency, central planning, and a lack of market reforms. These issues led to stagnation, shortages of essential goods, and a declining standard of living for many citizens. The economic struggles weakened the state's control over its territories. Click here to watch the video Political Reforms: Under the leadership of Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, a series of political reforms were introduced in the mid-1980s. These reforms, known as perestroika (restructuring) a...

  A recent Supreme Court decision has raised concerns regarding the right to default bail and the potential prioritization of investigative authorities over the constitutional rights of the accused. Default bail refers to the right of an accused person to be released on bail if the police fail to complete the investigation within a specified period. The decision directs lower courts to decide pending default bail applications without relying on the court's own judgment in the Ritu Chhabaria case. The decision is seen as alarming because it may compromise the right to default bail and have serious implications for the constitutional rights of the accused. It is argued that procedural legitimacy should not be sacrificed for administrative convenience. Default bail is a statutory right enshrined in Section 167(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). It allows an accused person to be released if the investigation is not completed within a specified period. The Ritu Chhabaria c...

 A recent study has highlighted the water footprint of AI models, particularly in relation to data centers that power and train these models. The water footprint of AI refers to the amount of water needed for electricity generation and cooling in data centers. It consists of direct water consumption, which is the water evaporated or discharged during the cooling process, and indirect water consumption, which is the water used for electricity production. The water footprint of AI varies depending on factors such as the AI model's type and size, data center location and efficiency, and the source of electricity. For instance, training a large AI model like GPT-3 can directly consume up to 700,000 liters of clean freshwater, which is equivalent to producing hundreds of cars. Engaging in conversations with AI chatbots like ChatGPT also has a water consumption impact. The study estimates that a single conversation with ChatGPT can consume around 500 ml of water for 20-50 questions a...